{"id":12632,"date":"2026-08-31T16:37:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/?p=12632"},"modified":"2026-08-31T17:23:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T14:23:32","slug":"polish-citizenship-by-descent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/blog\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\/","title":{"rendered":"Polish Citizenship by Descent"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12632\" class=\"elementor elementor-12632 elementor-12586\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d33fa7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d33fa7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd23b4b\" data-id=\"dd23b4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d45e221 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d45e221\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2eb542c1\" data-id=\"2eb542c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc7f089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc7f089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#1e5bd6;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;font-size:.8rem;margin:0;\">A guide to the routes for descendants of Poles<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac8b5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eac8b5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti.png\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-12594\" alt=\"\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti.png 1536w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4422dc01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4422dc01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Polish citizenship by descent: how to claim it through Polish roots<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a9a4102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a9a4102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#8a929c;font-size:.9rem;margin:0;\">Updated in 2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ec1301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37ec1301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size:1.12rem;color:#3a4048;\">Polish citizenship by descent is not one procedure but three different routes. Which one fits you depends on who your ancestors were, where they lived, and when they left Poland.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486cfdae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"486cfdae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Below we go through each route: who it fits, what you need to prove, and how long it takes. If you would rather hand the case to specialists afterwards, see the service for <a href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/polish-citizenship\/\" style=\"color:#1e5bd6;\">help with Polish citizenship<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41df4999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41df4999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#eef4ff;\"><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Route<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Who it fits<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">What you get<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Confirmation of citizenship<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Descendants of Polish citizens whose chain of citizenship was not broken<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Recognition that you have been a Polish citizen since birth<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Repatriation<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">People of Polish origin from the Asian part of the former USSR<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Citizenship by law on entry with a repatriation visa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Karta Polaka, permanent residence, citizenship<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Those who can show a bond with the Polish nation but not a chain of citizenship<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">First the Karta Polaka, then permanent residence, then citizenship<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71f33e74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71f33e74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"border-left:4px solid #1e5bd6;background:#eef4ff;padding:14px 18px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>In short:<\/strong> you can obtain citizenship by descent through confirmation of citizenship (potwierdzenie), if your ancestor was a Polish citizen and the chain was not broken; through repatriation, if your family lives in the Asian part of the former USSR; or through the Karta Polaka, which does not grant citizenship but opens the path to it through permanent residence.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-310fb0ba elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"310fb0ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/kontakty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discuss your case<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9037ca0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9037ca0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What \u201cby descent\u201d means<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-638daff6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"638daff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cBy descent\u201d means that citizenship passes through blood &#8211; from parents to children, regardless of where the child is born. A child receives Polish citizenship at birth if at least one parent was a Polish citizen at that moment. Lawyers call this principle ius sanguinis. One detail changes everything here: this is not the granting of a new citizenship, but recognition that you have been a Polish citizen since birth &#8211; because your parent was, and before them their parent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ae0765 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30ae0765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This differs from naturalisation. In naturalisation (in Polish, uznanie za obywatela) a foreigner obtains citizenship after several years of legal residence in Poland and after meeting conditions. The \u201cby descent\u201d route requires none of that: you do not need to live in Poland; what matters is proving the family link and an unbroken chain of citizenship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44bf59cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44bf59cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"border-left:4px solid #1e5bd6;background:#eef4ff;padding:14px 18px;border-radius:8px;\">Confirmation of citizenship (potwierdzenie) confirms a status you already hold by blood. Recognition as a citizen (uznanie) grants citizenship to a foreigner for residence in Poland. These are two different cases before the same authority, the voivode, and should not be confused.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b53eb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b53eb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Route 1. Confirmation of citizenship<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f855d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6f855d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/podtverzhdenie-grazhdanstva-polshi-po-kornyam-1024x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12608\" alt=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/podtverzhdenie-grazhdanstva-polshi-po-kornyam-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/podtverzhdenie-grazhdanstva-polshi-po-kornyam-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/podtverzhdenie-grazhdanstva-polshi-po-kornyam-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/podtverzhdenie-grazhdanstva-polshi-po-kornyam.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-516d8a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"516d8a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is the main route for descendants of Polish citizens. You apply to the voivode to confirm that you are a Polish citizen and attach documents proving descent from a Polish citizen and the uninterrupted transfer of citizenship down to you. The decision is made by the voivode (urz\u0105d wojew\u00f3dzki); the legal basis is the 2009 Act on Polish citizenship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5519a6af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5519a6af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are two key conditions. The first is to prove descent: that your ancestor really was a Polish citizen. The second, often forgotten, is to prove there was no loss: that no one in the chain lost citizenship before the next person was born. If an ancestor lost citizenship before your grandparent or parent was born, the chain breaks, and the descendants no longer inherit Polish citizenship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-992eeca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"992eeca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>ancestor documents confirming Polish citizenship (passport, civil records, certificates);<\/li><li>documents rebuilding the family chain down to you (birth and marriage certificates for each generation);<\/li><li>archival materials, if originals have not survived;<\/li><li>a sworn translation (t\u0142umaczenie przysi\u0119g\u0142e) of the documents into Polish.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2c0d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c2c0d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who qualifies: regions and details<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2217ee79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2217ee79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poland\u2019s borders shifted several times in the 20th century, so a \u201cPolish ancestor\u201d from different regions means different sets of documents and different archives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b08a25b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b08a25b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#eef4ff;\"><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Region<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Document notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Kresy &#8211; west of today\u2019s Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania (former eastern territories of Poland)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Documents are usually in the archives of Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania; so-called Bug River (zabu\u017ca\u0144skie) records are often needed; borders shifted, so the exact date and place of the ancestor\u2019s birth matter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Emigration to the Americas (USA, Argentina, Brazil, Canada)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Ship and immigration lists, naturalisation papers; it is checked separately whether the ancestor lost citizenship through naturalisation abroad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Israel<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Departure documents, changes of surnames and spelling; searches in Polish and foreign archives<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Western Europe (France, Germany, etc.)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">More often labour emigration; documents in local municipal and state archives<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db8f1a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5db8f1a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to prove your roots<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a7d533 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77a7d533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Gather the ancestor\u2019s documents: anything confirming their Polish citizenship or identity &#8211; passport, civil and emigration records, archival certificates and military records confirming Polish identity or service.<\/li><li>Rebuild the family chain down to yourself: birth and marriage certificates for each generation between the ancestor and you.<\/li><li>Request archives if originals are missing. For Kresy these are Polish state archives and Bug River records; for emigration, the archives of the country the ancestor moved to.<\/li><li>Obtain a certificate of the absence of civil registry books if records have not survived &#8211; it replaces a lost document in the case.<\/li><li>Have all documents translated into Polish by a sworn translator.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d1fd3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d1fd3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Route 2. Repatriation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be73dd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"be73dd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/repatriatsiya-v-polshu-po-proishozhdeniyu-1024x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12615\" alt=\"\u0420\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/repatriatsiya-v-polshu-po-proishozhdeniyu-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/repatriatsiya-v-polshu-po-proishozhdeniyu-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/repatriatsiya-v-polshu-po-proishozhdeniyu-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/repatriatsiya-v-polshu-po-proishozhdeniyu.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68237131 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68237131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Repatriation is a regional route, and it does not fit everyone with Polish roots. It is meant for ethnic Poles from the Asian part of the former USSR. The legal basis is the Repatriation Act of 9 November 2000.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b930bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11b930bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The mechanics differ from confirmation of citizenship. Here you do not prove that you were already a citizen. You receive a repatriation visa, enter Poland with it, and citizenship is acquired by law, by the very fact of entering on that visa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6988f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b6988f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Repatriation is available to ethnic Poles from the Asian part of the former USSR:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1de2aa93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1de2aa93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Armenia<\/li><li>Azerbaijan<\/li><li>Georgia<\/li><li>Kazakhstan<\/li><li>Kyrgyzstan<\/li><li>Tajikistan<\/li><li>Turkmenistan<\/li><li>Uzbekistan<\/li><li>the Asian part of Russia<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1def6dc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1def6dc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Route 3. Karta Polaka, permanent residence, citizenship<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95b2645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"95b2645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/karta-polyaka-pmzh-grazhdanstvo-polshi-1024x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12601\" alt=\"\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/karta-polyaka-pmzh-grazhdanstvo-polshi-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/karta-polyaka-pmzh-grazhdanstvo-polshi-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/karta-polyaka-pmzh-grazhdanstvo-polshi-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/karta-polyaka-pmzh-grazhdanstvo-polshi.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-371b4b50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"371b4b50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One common misconception to clear up right away: the Karta Polaka does not grant citizenship. It is a document confirming belonging to the Polish nation; it gives a number of rights and eases relocation, but its holder does not become a Polish citizen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2741989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2741989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The value of the Karta Polaka lies elsewhere: it opens a path. With the Karta Polaka you can obtain permanent residence, and after a year of legal residence on that basis you can apply for citizenship. This is a longer path than direct confirmation, but it works for those who have a bond with the Polish nation without a provable chain of citizenship. For how permanent residence itself is arranged, see the guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/residence-card\/permanent\/\" style=\"color:#1e5bd6;\">the long-term (permanent) residence card<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b83efb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26b83efb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparing the three routes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69feac4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69feac4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#eef4ff;\"><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Aspect<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Confirmation of citizenship<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Repatriation<\/th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;color:#14203A;\">Karta Polaka, PR, citizenship<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Who it fits<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Descendants of Polish citizens with an unbroken chain<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">People of Polish origin from the Asian part of the former USSR<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Those who show a bond with the Polish nation but not a chain of citizenship<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Authority<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Voivode (urz\u0105d wojew\u00f3dzki)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Consul, then processing in Poland<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Consul (Karta), then the voivode<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Legal basis<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">2009 Citizenship Act<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">2000 Repatriation Act<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">2007 Karta Polaka Act<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Result<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Recognition as a citizen from birth<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Citizenship by law on a repatriation visa<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">First Karta and PR, citizenship later<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Where to apply<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Urz\u0105d wojew\u00f3dzki in Poland or via a consul<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Through a Polish consul<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #e3e8ef;vertical-align:top;\">Through a consul, then in Poland<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57cee97a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57cee97a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Documents and procedure<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec18437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ec18437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Taking the main route &#8211; confirmation of citizenship &#8211; as the example. The application goes to the voivode for the place of the ancestor\u2019s or applicant\u2019s last residence in Poland; if there is no such place, the Mazovian Voivode in Warsaw handles the case. Those living abroad can apply through a Polish consul. All foreign documents are translated by a sworn translator (t\u0142umacz przysi\u0119g\u0142y).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43d7d5bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43d7d5bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The fee for confirmation of citizenship is 277 PLN, the decision is issued within 6 months, and there are 14 days to appeal to the Ministry of the Interior and Administration of Poland (MSWiA). Fees and timelines are worth checking on the day, as they change.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69745142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69745142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>gather the ancestor\u2019s documents and rebuild the family chain;<\/li><li>request missing records from archives;<\/li><li>have sworn translations made;<\/li><li>file the application with the voivode or via a consul and pay the fee;<\/li><li>wait for the decision; if refused, prepare an appeal within the deadline.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a0c2a26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a0c2a26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Descent cases are rarely simple: often a single document in the chain decides the outcome. MigrantExpert will assess your situation before you file and point out which evidence is missing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299eb6d0 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"299eb6d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/kontakty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discuss your case<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b87af03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b87af03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Common mistakes and refusals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e3c91fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e3c91fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"border-left:4px solid #e0a100;background:#fff8e6;padding:14px 18px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>What most often derails a case<\/strong> &#8211; a break in the chain of citizenship, noticed too late, after filing.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58605089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58605089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>A break in the chain of citizenship. If one of the ancestors lost Polish citizenship before the next person in the chain was born, the descendants no longer inherit it. Each generation must be checked separately.<\/li><li>Loss of citizenship by an ancestor. Under earlier law, citizenship could be lost, for example through service in a foreign army or holding public office abroad (before 1951). Such a loss is easy to miss, and it breaks the whole chain.<\/li><li>Kresy without documents. Archives are lost, registry books have not survived, borders shifted. Here alternative evidence and well-targeted archival requests decide the case, not originals that no longer exist.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3702bb65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3702bb65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If your line carries one of these risks, it does not mean the case is hopeless, but it needs more careful preparation. Checking the basis before filing is cheaper than a refusal and lost time on appeal: see the service for <a href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/polish-citizenship\/\" style=\"color:#1e5bd6;\">help with Polish citizenship<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a1c3c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30a1c3c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How MigrantExpert helps<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-479ec399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"479ec399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MigrantExpert works on descent cases at every stage included in the chosen service:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9175e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9175e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>assesses the case &#8211; whether the chain of citizenship can realistically be proven and which of the three routes is yours;<\/li><li>helps gather documents and request missing records from archives;<\/li><li>prepares the application and sworn translations;<\/li><li>handles the case before the voivode and, if refused, helps with the appeal to MSWiA.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-742fe726 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"742fe726\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A result cannot be guaranteed in such cases &#8211; it depends on the documents and on whether the chain was unbroken. But a well-prepared case noticeably improves the odds and saves time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-369a394c elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"369a394c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/kontakty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discuss your case<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-248c254c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"248c254c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d0eaaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"16d0eaaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3821\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Can I get Polish citizenship if a great-grandparent or grandmother was Polish?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3821\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3821\"><p>Yes, if the chain of citizenship along that line was not broken &#8211; that is, each next person was born while the previous one was still a Polish citizen. The degree of kinship (grandmother, great-grandfather) is not itself a limit; the limit is a break in the transfer of citizenship.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3822\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How do I prove my Polish roots?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3822\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3822\"><p>With the ancestor\u2019s documents showing Polish citizenship and birth and marriage certificates for each generation between them and you. If originals are missing, archival certificates, Bug River records for Kresy, and certificates of the absence of registry books can replace them. All foreign documents are translated by a sworn translator.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3823\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Can Polish citizenship be obtained by blood?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3823\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3823\"><p>That is exactly how it works. Citizenship by descent passes through blood (ius sanguinis), from parents to children, regardless of birthplace. You do not receive a new citizenship &#8211; the voivode confirms that you have been a Polish citizen since birth.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3824\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How does confirmation of citizenship differ from repatriation?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3824\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3824\"><p>With confirmation you prove that you are already a citizen, and the voivode decides. With repatriation, citizenship is acquired by law on entry to Poland with a repatriation visa. Repatriation is available only to Poles from the Asian part of the former USSR; confirmation is for descendants of Polish citizens anywhere.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3825\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Which countries allow repatriation to Poland?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3825\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3825\"><p>The Asian part of the former USSR: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia. Check the conditions and list on gov.pl on the day.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3826\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Does the Karta Polaka grant Polish citizenship?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3826\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3826\"><p>No. The Karta Polaka confirms a bond with the Polish nation and eases relocation, but it does not grant citizenship. It opens a path to permanent residence, and after a year of legal residence on that basis, to applying for citizenship.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3827\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3827\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How much does confirmation of citizenship cost and how long does it take?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3827\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3827\"><p>The fee is 277 PLN and the decision takes up to 6 months. Fees and timelines change, so check current figures on gov.pl before filing.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3828\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3828\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Do I have to give up my current citizenship?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3828\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3828\"><p>For confirmation of Polish citizenship, giving up another citizenship is generally not required &#8211; Poland recognises you as its citizen regardless. But your current country of citizenship may impose limits, so this is worth checking separately for your specific case.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c12c897 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6c12c897\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d99f230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d99f230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#8a929c;font-size:.9rem;margin:0;\">Reviewed by a MigrantExpert migration specialist. Rules on citizenship and repatriation change &#8211; rely on current 2026 requirements and check fees and timelines on gov.pl. Updated in 2026.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a8a3e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a8a3e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Citizenship by descent comes down to documents and an unbroken chain. To find out whether yours can be proven, start by reviewing your situation with a specialist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5864dbd4 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5864dbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/kontakty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Book a consultation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A guide to the routes for descendants of Poles Polish citizenship by descent: how to claim it through Polish roots Updated in 2026 Polish citizenship by descent is not one procedure but three different routes. Which one fits you depends on who your ancestors were, where they lived, and when they left Poland. Below we [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12594,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Polish Citizenship by Descent: How to Claim It Through Roots<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Polish citizenship by descent: three routes - confirmation, repatriation, Karta Polaka. Who qualifies, documents and timelines\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migrantexpert.pl\/en\/blog\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\/\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"SEO GEO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1a60b59ff5694d5258bf3e700b1108f3\"},\"headline\":\"Polish Citizenship by Descent\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-31T13:37:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T14:23:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2127,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/\",\"name\":\"Polish Citizenship by Descent: How to Claim It Through Roots\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/en\\\/blog\\\/polish-citizenship-by-descent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migrantexpert.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/grazhdanstvo-polshi-po-proishozhdeniyu-tri-puti.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-31T13:37:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T14:23:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Polish citizenship by descent: three routes - confirmation, repatriation, Karta Polaka. 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